Instruction Expenses.
In conditions of an economic crisis the HEI of the republic survive basically due to multichannel financing. If during the prereform period a source of additional financing was contractual research and design work, in conditions of crisis of economy financing of higher education demands attraction of both state and private means. Diversification of sources of financing is reflection of support which the society renders to higher education, and requires the further expansion in order to maintain the development of higher education, increase of its efficiency and maintain to the mark its quality and adequacy. The state support of higher education and scientific researches still has the major value for content of the balanced solving of educational and public tasks.
At the same time the state, the government financial bodies, the Ministry of Education undertook measures on improvement of a financial position. For the decision of these problems there were used both internal reserves and support of a private sector and of international sponsor's organizations (Table 9).
Table 9
Dynamics of sources of financing of state HEI
| Parameters |
1992 |
1996 |
1997 |
1998 |
1999 |
2000 |
2002 |
| 1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
8 |
| Total amount of financing (million US dollars) |
0,09 |
4.07 |
5,81 |
7.88 |
7,8 |
8.23 |
11.9 |
Including due to the budget (million som),
% From total amount |
0,09
100 |
4,02
98,8 |
3,17
54,4 |
3,18
40,3 |
3,29
42,2 |
3,15
38,2 |
3,51
29,4 |
Including from paid educational services and investments, (million US dollar)
% From total amount |
- |
0,05
1,1 |
2,65
45,6 |
4,7
59,7 |
4,51
57,8 |
5,09
61,8 |
8,45
70,6 |
| Mid-annual cost of training one student (US dollars) |
- |
69,3 |
89.2 |
103,4 |
131.1 |
131,5 |
148.8 |
In 2004 the maximal cost of education of a student from public funds was 122 US dollars, and minimal - 73,2 US dollars.
Rates of tuition fees.
In system of the higher professional education payment for education varies within the limits from 150 up to 1800 dollars (the first concerns some HEIs of regions of republic, for example, to the Issyk-Kul and Jalalabat regions, the second - to the American University of the Central Asia). The majority of peripheral HEIs are forced to enter the minimal tuition fee, because in rural areas for the majority of families payment in the sum over 6-7 thousand soms, (150-180 US dollars) are excessive burden for the family budget. Unfortunately in Kyrgyzstan mechanisms of indemnification of payment for education to students from needy families are not developed yet.
Probably therefore the majority of gifted children from regions have no means to be educated in HEIs of the capital.
Development of market attitudes in the sphere of education has generated a question about payment for education in conditions of the market. Education was paid always: simply it was paid through the budget, and for the pupil, the student, the listener it appeared free-of-charge. Thus the state, providing free education, rigidly regulated both the nomenclature of educational establishments and the services rendered by them. There was an interdiction on rendering of paid educational services (that did not prevent to render them in fine scales on an illegal basis). Anyhow, education never was free-of-charge since payment for education on a budgetary basis was brought by the state.
According to the legislation, privileges on payment for education are given to orphans, invalids and military men. However HEIs include in their charters a number of privileges for students of the contract form of education: orphans are completely released from payment for education, for students-honours pupils in study by the decision of the commission discounts on payment up to 50 % are stipulated; privileges for children of employees - up to 25 %, for students engaged in public activitiesare given etc.
National system of Higher Education admimistration.
The state has refused from rigid administrative instructions and restrictions and has started to master flexible methods of normative-legal and economic regulation. Due to the given autonomy the vertical control system is abolished, regular number of the administrative personnel in the ministry is reduced, redistribution of imperous powers in intra high school administrative structure is made. Autonomism became the main tool of reforming and adaptation of system of higher education of republic to changing social and economic conditions.
Forms of interaction of HEIs and the state controls by education on principles of voluntariness and democratization of attitudes are updated. The role of the academic structures in management of HEI became more active. HEIs have received academic freedom. The remaining regulating mechanism is State educational standard defining minimal requirements to the content of education and providing quality of given educational services.
Public institutes and structures of self-management actively join the control system, mixed society-state forms of management are introduced. Now the intensive work on creation of independent test and accrediting organizations is conducted. Development of the student's self-management has received impetus. According to the Decree of President of KR Boards of Trustees of HEIs are formed. As pilot projects since 2006 in seven HEIs Boards of Trustees, which will help to solve not only administrative questions of HEIs, but also financial ones, are established.
According to the Law of the Kyrgyz Republic « On Education » the central state body - the Ministry of Education of the Kyrgyz Republic bears the responsibility, and accordingly supervises, for quality of education given by educational institutions of the republic. However on departmental subordination only 30 HEIs relate to the Ministry of Education. To other departments there relate:
Academy of Management under the President of KR, Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs - to the Ministry of Internal Affairs of KR; the Kyrgyz State Medical Academy - to the Ministry of Health of the KR, Diplomatic Academy - to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of KR, the Bishkek Higher Military School - to the Ministry of Defence of KR, the Osh Pedagogical Institute - to local administration.
With a goal of integration of educational systems of the various countries into republic there are created 8 interstate higher educational institutions (double subordination), such as the "Kyrgyz-Russian (Slavic) University", the "Kyrgyz-Uzbek University", Kyrgyz-Turkish University "Manas"; private HEIs - "the American University of Central Asia", the "Russian Academy of Education, "Kyrgyz-Kuwait (East) University", International University "Alatoo" (Turkey), "University of Agahan"; 10 branches of HEIs of other CIS countries also are functioning.
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