General tendencies of updating.
During last 10-15 years in system of the higher vocational education of Kyrgyzstan there were significant changes of standards. They can be divided into two levels: 1 level - change of the content and 2 level - change of the form and structure.
Changes of 1-st level first of all are connected with transition since 1993 to multilevel system of preparation of specialists. It has in turn entailed change of the content of curricula and programs of disciplines. There was an updating of the content of basic disciplines, the list of obligatory subjects has been changed. For the first time in standards academic freedom for teachers and the students have been introduced, allowing stimulating the creative approach to activity. Diversification of programs (the bachelor, the master, the specialist) has allowed HEIs to update the content of curriculums, having subdivided them on levels with various purposes.
Necessity of integration of directions of vocational education of specialists has resulted in updating standards of 2-nd level.
Requirements of a labour market and technologies used in manufacture are constantly updated, and preparation of specialists (in particular on technical and technological specialities) is carried out by narrowly directed professions (for concrete workplace). In this connection in 2001 updating of standards has been directed on strengthening of fundamentality of vocational education of specialists, granting them basic professional knowledge, on the basis of which the graduate could update the knowledge on courses of additional vocational education during all life.
New approaches to the projecting of educational standards.
In view of intention of connection of the majority of HEIs of the Kyrgyz Republic to Bologna Process, necessity has ripened of preparation of the standards that are meeting the requirements of substantive provisions of the Bologna declaration. Now among the academic public there is a discussion of a question what should be the standard. In the developed countries it is considered that standards of higher education should be professional and, accordingly, should be accepted by social-professional communities. Though in the different countries they are accepted at a different level, it depends on a state system.
Within the limits of the project of the European Training Foundation - « National qualifying structures », financed by TEMPUS program, a question of development of the professional standards based on competence of the approach is now investigated. The sector of tourism is chosen as the pilot project. To qualify the competence of specialists it is supposed to attract employers in development (association of tour operators and guides). Considering, that within the limits of the project national qualifying structure of a professional education on all educational levels (including initial and average professional) will be developed, it will be possible to define distinctive attributes of different degrees and educational levels.
The given project will allow developing the state approach to development of new standards in view of requirements of professional communities.
(Based on the Analitical Report of the Ministry of Education, Science and Youth Policy of the Kyrgyz Republic, Kyrgyz Academy of Education, Centre for the Problems of Higher and Continuous Education, Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, Federal Agency on Education, Administration of International Education and Cooperation, Research Centre for the Problems of Quality in Specialists’ Traning of Moscow State Institute of Steel And Alloys (Technological University), Chair of System Investigation of Education).
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